The real problem China faces is that it is late to the party. Just as it reaches its manufacturing employment zenith, it faces a potentially disruptive impact from automation technology. And that will happen roughly in parallel with similar transitions in the service sectors of the countries that currently consume much of its output.
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| Illustration courtesy M. Weiss, CXC/NASA |
Azarov also noted that tax reform was being conducted in Ukraine, and proposed that Estonia invest in Ukraine.
One of Estonia's richest businessmen Urmas Sõõrumaa was disappointed yesterday when Azarov cancelled a breakfast meeting that had been planned for Wednesday. "We had planned to eat breakfast together tomorrow, but this meeting has been cancelled. "в третьем квартале индекс инвестиционной привлекательности страны снизился с 3,25 до 3,20 по пятибалльной шкале.
Инвесторы отмечают, что улучшилась ситуация с возмещением НДС, тем не менее и дальше ухудшается процесс упрощения таможенных процедур и техническое регулирование. Остальные показатели: реформирование судебной системы, земельная реформа, валютное регулирование - остались на протяжении квартала без изменений.
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| Beck and Brown 2010 |
"A better solution would be to encourage the domestic demand for manufactures. Demand could be encouraged through, inter alia, tax credits for purchases of household appliances like those with which Japan has experimented. Married with some further appreciation of the currency, this would leave the demand for manufacturing products unchanged.
Better still would be to figure out exactly which manufacturing sectors are sources of learning-by-doing and technology spillovers. Not all manufacturing sectors, presumably, are. Only those which generate these favourable external effects for growth should be the recipients of preferential tax treatment."
"First, kindergarten test scores are highly correlated with outcomes such as earnings at age 27, college attendance, home ownership, and retirement savings. Second, students in small classes are significantly more likely to attend college, attend a higher-ranked college, and perform better on a variety of other outcomes. Class size does not have a significant effect on earnings at age 27, but this effect is imprecisely estimated. Third, students who had a more experienced teacher in kindergarten have higher earnings. Fourth, an analysis of variance reveals significant kindergarten class effects on earnings. Higher kindergarten class quality – as measured by classmates' end-of-class test scores – increases earnings, college attendance rates, and other outcomes. Finally, the effects of kindergarten class quality fade out on test scores in later grades but gains in non-cognitive measures persist. We conclude that early childhood education has substantial long-term impacts, potentially through non-cognitive channels."
